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Marius STUPARIU
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Grigore HERMAN
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Abstracts - Year IX, no.2 / 2007
ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR IN RURAL AREAS IN ROMANIAN LAST ELECTIONS
Voicu BODOCAN
Babes-Bolyai University, Clinicilor 5-7, Cluj-Napoca, 400412, e-mail: voicu@geografie.ubbcluj.ro
One of the explanation of voting behavior in Romania refers to differentiations between rural and urban electorate as part or not of the territorial and functional cleavages induced by processes taking place before or after the changing of the political and economical regime. No particular functional cleavage between urban and rural population or interests can be noticed in the post-communist period, but only a spatial differentiation of electoral behavior in Western Romania and the Old Kingdom as concerns the attitude and disponibility for reform of the rural electorate.
Keywords: party-system, rural area, ethnic and socio-economical dimension
THE EFFECT OF STATE BORDERS ON THE PATTERN OF PERSONAL INCOMES IN THE NORTH GREAT PLAIN REGION
János PÉNZES
PhD-student, Department of Social Geography and Regional Development Planning, University of Debrecen, e-mail: penzesjani@yahoo.co.uk
Der Aufsatz sucht die Antwort auf die Frage, wie die Staatsgrenze die Verteilung der inländischen Einkommen in den Siedlungen der Nördlichen Tiefebene beeinflusst. Zahlreiche Analysen weisen darauf hin, dass die Grenzgebiete ein niedrigeres Entwicklungsniveau haben, das sich auch in den Durchschnittseinkommen widerspiegelt. Die Einkommen zeigen aber starke Beziehung mit der Bevölkerungszahl der einzelnen Siedlungen, so ist es schwer im Falle der grösstenteils kleinen, grenznahen Siedlungen zu bestimmen, welcher Faktor die geringe Fähigkeit zur Einkommensproduktion verursacht. Die Analyse für den Zeitraum zwischen 1992 und 2004 hat mit Hilfe von Korrelationsberechnung und Shift-Share-Analyse ergeben, dass die Staatsgrenze ihre Wirkung auf die Durchschnittseinkommen der Siedlungen etwa bis zu einer Entfernung von 20 Kilometer ausübt. Diese Wirkung erscheint in der Nähe der Grenzübergangspunkte im umgekehrten Verhältnis zur Steigerung der Distanz, das Durchschnittseinkommen erreicht seinen Tiefpunkt 10-12 Kilometer weit von diesen Siedlungen entfernt. In grösseren Entfernungen beeinflussen schon andere raumstrukturelle Faktoren – zum Beispiel die Distanz von den Komitatssitzen oder von der Hauptstadt – die Verteilung der Einkommen. Aber die Wirkung der Siedlungsgrösse hat sich im untersuchten Zeitraum bei allen Distanzkategorien als der stärkste Faktor erwiesen. Die relative Veränderung der Einkommen hat in den grenznahen Raumkategorien – vor allem wegen der wesentlich niedrigeren Basiswerte – den regionalen Durchschnitt übertroffen. Die Forschung weist aber auch darauf hin, dass die grenznahe Lage bis auf weiteres (der gemeinsamen Grenzstrecke von Österreich und Ungarn entgegen) keinen dynamisierenden Faktor der Siedlungsentwicklung darstellt.
Keywords: income, state border, shift-share analysis, regional analytical methods
THE GLOBAL DIMENSION OF GENDER WITH APPLICATIONS ON ROMANIA
Laura-Melinda EPURE
West University of Timişoara, Department of Geography, 16 I.H. Pestalozzi St., Timi şoara, 300115, Timiş, Romania, e-mail meli_melo_epure@yahoo.com
The phenomenon of globalization represent an essential transformation of gender's roles, a world of the conquerors and a world of losers, in our Romanian society. The present article is destined to bring to the readers the most democratic and less democratic aspects of this extension of national market phenomenon. Globalization means for our contemporary society chance and success but also discrimination and overcharge; it means prosperity and emancipation on the one hand and abuse and lack of informing on the other hand; it means more independent Romanian women with a higher self esteem, but also, a large mass of poor and separate from families. This unpublished transformation of gender's roles is creating a real paradox, an unprecedentedly transformation of gender's roles, in a positive as weell as anegative sense.
Keywords : Globalization, gender, gender roles, transnational corporation, equality of chances
GEODEMOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE ROMAN-CATHOLIC RELIGION IN TRANSYLVANIA (1930-2002)
Ioan MĂRCULEŢ
Colegiul Tehnic „Miron Nicolescu“, B-dul Metalurgiei, 89, Sect. 4, 041832, Bucureşti, România, e-mail: ioan_marculet@yahoo.com
Cătălina MĂRCULEŢ
Institutul de Geografie al Academiei Române, D. Racoviţă, 12, Sect. 2, 023993, Bucureşti, România, e-mail: cmarculet@yahoo.com
Roman-Catholicism in Transilvania appeared after the Province was conquered by the Hungarians and turned into an autonomous voivodeship of the Hungarian Kingdom. Until the beginning of the 20 th century, the numerical evolution of Roman-Catholic believers was rather uneven, being significantly influenced by the Reform and the inclusion of Transylvania into the Habsburg Empire. Between 1930 and 2002, the Province's Roman-Catholics experienced many changes both in number and distribution in the territory, thus, a) believers (mostly Magyars) continued an uneven numerical evolution; b) significant habitat changes in the proportion of Catholic faithful in the urban area, from 29.5 % in 1930 to 52.9 % in 2002.
Keywords : population, Roman-Catholic religion, Transylvania, Romania
THE ETHNICAL AND CONFESSIONAL DYNAMIC OF POPULATION IN ORADEA-BRATCA DEPRESSION BETWEEN MILLENIUMS
Claudiu FILIMON
University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, 1 University str, 410087 Oradea, Romania, e-mail: filimonpunct@yahoo.fr
The Oradea-Bratca Depression, which streches along Crisul Repede river, is situated in the western part of Romania, within Bihor county. The depression is not homogenous from ethnic and confessional point of view. The presence of foreing elements is the result either of conquer or colonisation - in the case of hungarians, colonisation – in the case of slovaks and due to migrations, in the case of gipsies and jews. Nowadays, the depression is a mosaic from ethnic and confessional point of view. The ethnic and confessional dynamic of the population was dictated by the numerical evolution of the population, by some political factors (communist system), by the spiritual needs of the individuals and the specific traditions of the human communities.
Keywords : depression, ethnic, confession, colonisation, migration
INTERNAL MIGRATORY MOVEMENT OF THE ROMANIAN POPULATION AT THE END OF THE 20 TH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 21 ST CENTURY
Ioana JOSAN
University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, 1 University str, 410087 Oradea, Bihor, Romania, e-mail: ioanajosan@ yahoo.co.uk
Corina TĂTAR
University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, 1 University str, 410087 Oradea, Bihor, Romania, e-mail: corina_criste_78@yahoo.com
Marius STUPARIU
University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, 1 University str, 410087 Oradea, Bihor, Romania, e-mail:marius_stupariu@ yahoo.co.uk
The population migration is a law of the population's evolution which can only be emphasized on the grounds of a methodical study in order to prevent any generalisation or subjective approximation. The notion of migration is very general which in the absence of some common definitions and some quite precise tools, although it benefits of noumerous data of the official statistics, is not corectly solved. Therefore we consider that the figures listed, which highlight both the universality and the specifically zonal character only make sense if they are analyzed from the perspective of the contemporary events. When we refer to the demographic contemporary phenomenon we deem that it includes the demographic transaction and the population movements between different areas.
Keywords : migration, change of residence, migration flows, age groups, territorial analysis
European political borders typology according to the natural background particularities
Alexandru ILIEŞ
University of Oradea (Romania) / University of Gdansk (Poland), Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, 1 University str, 410087 Oradea, Romania, e-mail: ilies@uoradea.ro
Dorina Camelia ILIEŞ
University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, 1 University str, 410087 Oradea, Romania, e-mail: iliesdorina@yahoo.com
Vasile GRAMA
University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, 1 University str, 410087 Oradea, Romania, e-mail: vasigrama@ yahoo.com
European space delimitation through the political decision-making process resulted into profound changes and pronounced dynamics of what interstate borders system means, at the limit between the second and the third millennium. In all situations resulted from such changes, the physical-geographic framework and its particularities play an important part, according to the nature of border line support, with major implications upon contiguous border systems from the point of view of favourable/unfavourable premises for their interconnection in the shape of functional cross bordering systems. The majority of mountainous unities within European space like the Pyrenees , the Alps, the Carpathians, the Tatra, the Dinarides, the Caucasus, the Metaliferous Mountains are “sectioned“ by political borders more or less penetrable from the point of view of the morphology of their support. In the same context hydrographical arteries and lacustrine surfaces, by their rank and dimension may advantage/disadvantage the creation of connections between the contiguous cross bordering systems. The Danube, the Rhine, Odder, Drava, Save, Bug, Prut, Nistru are the most important hydrographical arteries in the European space which on certain sectors of their longitudinal profile include the borders support that delimitate territorial-political structures in different phases of the cross bordering cooperation process. Through typological determination of the European continental space frontiers and of the particularities and mechanisms which may determine the cross bordering functionality we aim at models identification, adaptable to central and East European space that undergoes now a phase of profound and frequent changes of structural nature.
Keywords : political borders, natural borders, European space, borders trajectory, natural background
GEO-DEMOGRAPHIC POLICIES REGARDING THE HEALTH OF POPULATION REPRODUCTION IN ROMANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERSHIP
Marcu STAŞAC
University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, 1 University str, 410078 Oradea, Romania, e-mail: marcu_stasac@yahoo.com, mstasac@uoradea.ro
The importance of the objectives regarding the development of a nation consists in paying a particular attention to the health domain, first and foremost. The improvement of the population health and the increase of its life expectancy represent fundamental objectives of the economic development of a country, being also an important line towards reaching the objectives related to the poverty reduction. The results of the improvement of the population health could be evident further to increased incomes of the population, to the economic growth and to the increase in the life quality in general. In view of improving the population's state of health Romania has worked out and applies certain strategies, such as: Strategy Regarding the Health and Poverty Reduction, National Strategy for Prevention and Combating of Infections by Sexual Transmission. The aim of this strategy is, therefore, the improvement of population health, fighting and control of the sexually transmitted infections, as well as the equitable access to the health services for anyone.
Keywords : population health, infantile mortality, fertility rate, medical assistance
GEODEMOGRAPHICAL INDICATORS WITH SOCIAL EFFECTS ON POST 1989 ROMANIA
Liviu Bogdan VLAD
Academia de Studii Economice, Bucureşti, România, e-mail : liviubogdanvlad@biblioteca.ase.ro
Viorel MIONEL
Academia de Studii Economice, Bucureşti, România
The duality of the binomial structure of marriages/divorces highlights the aspects which occur after their legalization. Thus, if, after the legalization of marriage, the two husbands are blessed with children m in the latter case, the divorce draws a negative side, given by the fact that the followers (children) have to suffer from the termination of marriage, as they are deprived from a normal life – both from a social point of view as well as emotionally/physically – with both parents. At romania's level, marriages have gradually started to lose importance in the period after the fall of the communist regime, but in relatively small proportions, from one year to another. Divorce, a widely spread practice in the countries from the west and north of the European continent, is becoming more and more frequent in Romania. We may also note the general trend of monoparental families and the prolonged celibacy or even the definitive one. This impediment against marriage has started to amplify in Romania, too, even though in the period following the 1989 revolution, there were moments when this phenomenon was quite ambiguous.
Keywords : marriages, divorces, pregnancy terminations, family, social effects
ASPECTS REGARDING THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE GOVERNMENTAL POLICIES IN THE SUBJECT MATTER OF CLIMATIC CHANGES AND GLOBAL WARMING
Ovidiu Gaceu
University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, Center of Studies and Territorial Analyses, 1 Universităţii st., 410087, Oradea, Romania, e-mail: gaceu@yahoo.com
The present paper shows some of the implications that various governmental policies have in the subject matter of climatic changes. Certain political interests of some governments, politicians and even certain scientists are presented here. Various opinions regarding the climatic changes are highlighted, and the author's point of view is made clear in conclusion.
Keywords: governmental policies, climatic changes, global warming